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1 Souza-Cardoso, Amadeo de
(1887-1918)Visionary Portuguese painter whose work was the precursor of modern art in Portugal. He was born in Amarante in 1887, into a wealthy family and studied law at Coimbra University. He left Coimbra in 1905, before finishing his law studies, and began studying architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts in Lisbon. He did not find the architecture course stimulating enough and left for Paris in 1906, settling in Montparnasse. At first, he did drawings and caricatures but later dedicated himself to painting. Souza-Cardoso's work can be characterized as impressionist, expressionist, cubist, and futurist. He showed his work in 1910, in Paris, along with Amedeo Modigliani, Constantin Brancusi, and Juan Gris. In 1913, eight of his paintings were displayed at the famous Armory Show in New York City. In 1914, he worked with Antoni Gaudí in Barcelona.His time in Spain was ended by the outbreak of the World War I, and he returned to Lisbon, where he began to experiment with new forms of expression. In 1916, he showed 114 cubist works in Oporto and Lisbon. His career was cut short when he contracted pneumonia and died on 25 October 1918. His must famous works are Saut du Lapin (1911), Cabeça (1913), Entrada (1917), and Pintura (1917). In 1935, the Portuguese state established a prize to recognize modernist painters called the "Prémio Souza-Cardoso."Historical dictionary of Portugal > Souza-Cardoso, Amadeo de
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2 Art
Portugal did not produce an artist of sufficient ability to gain recognition outside the country until the 19th century. Domingos Antônio Segueira (1768-1837) became well known in Europe for his allegorical religious and historical paintings in a neoclassical style. Portuguese painting during the 19th century emphasized naturalism and did not keep abreast of artistic innovations being made in other European countries. Portugal's best painters lived abroad especially in France. The most successful was Amadeo Souza- Cardoso who, while living in Paris, worked with the modernists Modigliani, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris. Souza-Cardoso introduced modernism into Portuguese painting in the early 20th century. A sustained modernist movement did not develop in Portugal, however. Naturalism remained the dominant school, and Portugal remained isolated from international artistic trends, owing to Portugal's conservative artistic climate, which prevented new forms of art from taking root, and the lack of support from an artistically sophisticated, art-buying elite supported by a system of galleries and foundations.Interestingly, it was during the conservative Estado Novo that modernism began to take root in Portugal. As Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar's secretary for national propaganda, Antônio Ferro, a writer, journalist, and cultural leader who admired Mussolini, encouraged the government to allow modern artists to create the heroic imagery of the Estado Novo following the Italian model that linked fascism with futurism. The most important Portuguese artist of this period was Almada Negreiros, who did the murals on the walls of the legendary café A Brasileira in the Chiado district of Lisbon, the paintings at the Exposition of the Portuguese World (1940), and murals at the Lisbon docks. Other artists of note during this period included Mário Eloy (1900-51), who was trained in Germany and influenced by George Grosz and Otto Dix; Domingos Alvarez (1906-42); and Antônio Pedro (1909-66).During the 1950s, the Estado Novo ceased to encourage artists to collaborate, as Portuguese artists became more critical of the regime. The return to Portugal of Antônio Pedro in 1947 led to the emergence of a school of geometric abstract painting in Oporto and the reawakening of surrealism. The art deco styles of the 1930s gave way to surrealism and abstract expression.In the 1960s, links between Portugal's artistic community and the international art world strengthened. Conscription for the wars against the nationalist insurgencies in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau (1961-75) resulted in a massive exodus of Portugal's avante-garde artists to Europe to avoid military service. While abroad, artists such as Joaquin Rodrigo (1912-93), Paula Rego (1935-), João Cutileiro (1947-), and others forged links with British, French, Italian, and Spanish artistic communities.The Revolution of 25 April 1974 created a crisis for Portugal's artists. The market for works of art collapsed as left-wing governments, claiming that they had more important things to do (eliminate poverty, improve education), withdrew support for the arts. Artists declared their talents to be at the "service of the people," and a brief period of socialist realism prevailed. With the return of political stability and moderate governments during the 1980s, Portugal's commercial art scene revived, and a new period of creativity began. Disenchantment with the socialist realism (utopianism) of the Revolution and a deepening of individualism began to be expressed by Portuguese artists. Investment in the arts became a means of demonstrating one's wealth and social status, and an unprecedented number of art galleries opened, art auctions were held, and a new generation of artists became internationally recognized. In 1984, a museum of modern art was built by the Gulbenkian Foundation adjacent to its offices on the Avenida de Berna in Lisbon. A national museum of modern art was finally built in Oporto in 1988.In the 1980s, Portugal's new generation of painters blended post-conceptualism and subjectivism, as well as a tendency toward decon-structionism/reconstructionism, in their work. Artists such as Cabrita Reis (1956-), Pedro Calapez (1953-), José Pedro Croft (1957-), Rui Sanches (1955-), and José de Guimarães (1949-) gained international recognition during this period. Guimarães crosses African art themes with Western art; Sarmento invokes images of film, culture, photography, American erotica, and pulp fiction toward sex, violence, and pleasure; Reis evolved from a painter to a maker of installation artist using chipboard, plaster, cloth, glass, and electrical and plumbing materials.From the end of the 20th century and during the early years of the 21st century, Portugal's art scene has been in a state of crisis brought on by a declining art trade and a withdrawal of financial support by conservative governments. Although not as serious as the collapse of the 1970s, the current situation has divided the Portuguese artistic community between those, such as Cerveira Pito and Leonel Moura, who advocate a return to using primitive, strongly textured techniques and others such as João Paulo Feliciano (1963-), who paint constructivist works that poke fun at the relationship between art, money, society, and the creative process. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the factors that have prevented Portuguese art from achieving and sustaining international recognition (the absence of a strong art market, depending too much on official state support, and the individualistic nature of Portuguese art production) are still to be overcome.
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Amadeo de Souza Cardoso — (Manhufe, paroisse de Mancelos, Amarante, 14 novembre 1887 Espinho, 25 octobre 1918) était un peintre portugais, précurseur de l art moderne, qui a continué sur la voie tracée par les artistes d avant garde de son temps. Malgré la brièveté de sa… … Wikipédia en Français
Amadeo de souza-cardoso — (Manhufe, paroisse de Mancelos, Amarante, 14 novembre 1887 Espinho, 25 octobre 1918) était un peintre portugais, précurseur de l art moderne, qui a continué sur la voie tracée par les artistes d avant garde de son temps. Malgré la brièveté de sa… … Wikipédia en Français
Amadeo de souza cardoso — (Manhufe, paroisse de Mancelos, Amarante, 14 novembre 1887 Espinho, 25 octobre 1918) était un peintre portugais, précurseur de l art moderne, qui a continué sur la voie tracée par les artistes d avant garde de son temps. Malgré la brièveté de sa… … Wikipédia en Français
Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso — (Manhufe, paroisse de Mancelos, Amarante, 14 novembre 1887 Espinho, 25 octobre 1918) était un peintre portugais, précurseur de l art moderne, qui a continué sur la voie tracée par les artistes d avant garde de son temps. Malgré la brièveté de sa… … Wikipédia en Français
Amadeo de Souza Cardoso — (November 24, 1887 October 25, 1918) was a Portuguese artist, working in the style of the vanguard of his time. Although he lived a short life, his workmanship was legendary. Life He was born in Mancelos, a parish of Amarante. At the age of 18,… … Wikipedia
Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso — Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, um 1908 Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (* 14. November 1887 in Manhufe, Mancelos, Amarante, Distrikt Porto; † 25. Oktober 1918 in Espinho, Distrikt Aveiro) war ein Vorreiter der Postmodernen portugiesischen Malerei … Deutsch Wikipedia
Souza — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Alexsandro de Souza (* 1977), brasilianischer Fußballspieler Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (1887–1918), portugiesischer Maler Antônio de Souza (* 1929), Altbischof von Assis Bruno Bezerra de Menezes Souza (*… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Amadeo — ist der Name einer Stadtgemeinde in der Provinz Cavite, Philippinen, siehe Amadeo (Cavite) eines italienischen Bildhauers und Baumeisters, siehe Giovanni Antonio Amadeo Amadeo ist der Vorname folgender Personen: Amadeo Avogadro, Conte di Quaregna … Deutsch Wikipedia
Amadeu de Sousa-Cardoso — Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, um 1908 Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (* 14. November 1887 in Amarante, Porto; † 25. Oktober 1918 in Espinho, Aveiro) war ein Pionier der Postmodernen portugiesischen … Deutsch Wikipedia
List of people sharing the name Cardoso — Cardoso is a common Portuguese surname shared by several notable people, among them being:* Anderson Sebastião Cardoso (born 1981), Brazilian central defender * Antonio Dias Cardoso (1933–2006), Angolan politician and writer * Amadeo de Souza… … Wikipedia
De Souza — or D Souza is a common Portuguese family name. Although it is still quite common outside Portugal especially in Brazil and India, Souza is the old spelling of present day Sousa.De Souza is either:Brazil *Alex de Souza, attacking midfielder, who… … Wikipedia
